Programming glossary
29 terms found
Glossaries
Algorithm
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónFinite sequence of clear ordered steps used to solve a problem or transform an input into an output.
An algorithm for calculating a total can receive price and quantity, multiply them and return the result.
Array
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónStructure that stores several related values in one ordered list.
An array can contain a student's grades or the names of several tasks.
Boolean
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónData type that can represent only two states: true or false.
A variable such as `userActive` can store `true` or `false`.
Bridge to JavaScript
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónDidactic connection between general programming fundamentals and their direct application in JavaScript.
Understanding variables and conditionals first makes JavaScript syntax feel much more natural later.
Computational Thinking
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónWay of analyzing complex problems through decomposition, patterns, abstraction and reproducible steps.
Breaking a booking system into login, validation, availability and confirmation is computational thinking.
Conditional
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónStructure that lets a program choose one path or another depending on whether a condition is met.
A conditional can show access granted if age is 18 or above and denied otherwise.
Data Type
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónClassification that tells the program what kind of value it is handling and how that value should be interpreted.
Storing 25 as a number is not the same as storing "25" as text.
Debugging
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónProcess of finding, understanding and fixing errors in a program by observing what actually happens during execution.
If the output is wrong, debugging means tracing the program until you find where it went off track.
Expression
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónCombination of values, variables and operators that produces an evaluable result.
`price + shipping` is an expression that produces a total.
Function
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónReusable block of code that groups a specific task and can receive input data to produce a result.
A function can receive price and shipping and return the cart total.
Index
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónNumeric position of an element inside an array.
In an array of three tasks, the first element usually lives at index 0.
Infinite Loop
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónLoop that never reaches a real stopping condition and keeps running without ending.
If a `while` loop never updates its counter, it can repeat forever.
Iteration
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónEach individual repetition performed by a loop during its full cycle.
If a loop counts from 1 to 3, it performs three iterations.
Logic Integration
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónCombination of several programming concepts inside one problem so it can be solved completely.
A challenge can integrate variables, conditionals, loops and functions to process a data set.
Loop
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónStructure that repeats an action or block of code while a rule remains true or until a traversal is complete.
A loop can display the numbers from 1 to 5 without writing the same line five times.
Mini Project
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónSmall but complete exercise that brings several learning pieces together into one functional, verifiable artifact.
A console task list can act as a mini project for arrays, functions and conditionals.
Null
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónValue used intentionally to show that there is currently no data or that a value is empty on purpose.
A profile can have `avatar = null` if no image has been uploaded yet.
Object
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónStructure that groups several related properties to represent one entity or real-world thing.
A `user` object can keep a name, age and access state inside one structure.
Operator
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónSymbol or keyword that performs an operation on one or more values.
The `+` symbol is an operator that can add numbers or join text depending on context.
Output
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónObservable result that a program returns after processing the input.
Showing a total on the screen or printing a console message is output.
Parameter
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónName a function uses to represent the data it receives when it runs.
In `function greet(name)`, `name` is a parameter.
Process
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónTransformation or set of rules that a program applies to an input in order to produce an output.
Adding prices, validating a user or sorting a list are all part of a program's process.
Program
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónSet of instructions that a machine can execute to perform a specific task.
A calculator is a program that receives numbers, applies operations and shows a result.
Property
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónNamed piece of data that belongs to an object.
In a `product` object, `price` and `stock` are properties.
Pseudocode
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónHuman-readable structured description of a solution before writing it in a real programming language.
Before coding a calculator, you can write: read numbers, add them and show the result.
Return Value
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónValue that a function sends back when it finishes so the rest of the program can reuse it.
A function can return the calculated total so another variable can store it.
Trace
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónStep-by-step follow-up of execution order and program state to understand how a result is produced.
A simple trace records which step runs first, what is processed next and what output appears in the end.
Undefined
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónValue that indicates a variable exists but does not yet hold an assigned value at that moment.
If you declare a variable without assigning anything, JavaScript may show it as `undefined`.
Variable
Fundamentos de ProgramaciónName that represents a value or state a program needs to store, read or update later.
In a counter, the variable can store how many times the user clicked.
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